食欲受到肠道菌群调节

Title：
Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour

DOI：
10.1038/nrendo.2016.150

Abstract & Authors：展开

Abstract：
The life of all animals is dominated by alternating feelings of hunger and satiety - the main involuntary motivations for feeding-related behaviour. Gut bacteria depend fully on their host for providing the nutrients necessary for their growth. The intrinsic ability of bacteria to regulate their growth and to maintain their population within the gut suggests that gut bacteria can interfere with molecular pathways controlling energy balance in the host. The current model of appetite control is based mainly on gut-brain signalling and the animal's own needs to maintain energy homeostasis; an alternative model might also involve bacteria-host communications. Several bacterial components and metabolites have been shown to stimulate intestinal satiety pathways; at the same time, their production depends on bacterial growth cycles. This short-term bacterial growth-linked modulation of intestinal satiety can be coupled with long-term regulation of appetite, controlled by the neuropeptidergic circuitry in the hypothalamus. Indeed, several bacterial products are detected in the systemic circulation, which might act directly on hypothalamic neurons. This Review analyses the data relevant to possible involvement of the gut bacteria in the regulation of host appetite and proposes an integrative homeostatic model of appetite control that includes energy needs of both the host and its gut bacteria.

All Authors：
Sergueï O Fetissov

First Authors：
Sergueï O Fetissov

Correspondence：
Sergueï O Fetissov

内容要点

1、动物们喂养它们的肠道细菌，这些细菌完全依赖于宿主来提供营养素，以维持生长及保持细菌群落；

2、 进食后，头部反射介导的营养素分泌到肠道，并通过肠道荷尔蒙的分泌激活肠道-大脑饱腹通路；

3、向常规培养的细菌提供营养素，或在营养物质进入到结肠后，会刺激细菌快速生长，并能维持20分钟；

4、营养素引起的细菌生长动力学，类似于食物引起的肠道饱腹荷尔蒙（如PYY）的分泌动力学；

5、依赖于生长期的细菌分子和代谢产物，调节饱腹荷尔蒙的肠道分泌；

6、全身性细菌分子直接激活中枢食欲通路，这可能使宿主和肠道菌群的能量状态一体化。