肠道菌群与肝病的关系

Title：
Gut microbiome and liver diseases

DOI：
10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312729

Abstract：
The gut microbiota has recently evolved as a new important player in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The liver is the organ which is in closest contact with the intestinal tract, and is exposed to a substantial amount of bacterial components and metabolites. Various liver disorders such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis have been associated with an altered microbiome. This dysbiosis may influence the degree of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis through multiple interactions with the host's immune system and other cell types. Whereas few results from clinical metagenomic studies in liver disease are available, evidence is accumulating that in liver cirrhosis an oral microbiome is overrepresented in the lower intestinal tract, potentially contributing to disease process and severity. A major role for the gut microbiota in liver disorders is also supported by the accumulating evidence that several complications of severe liver disease such as hepatic encephalopathy are efficiently treated by various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. A better understanding of the gut microbiota and its components in liver diseases might provide a more complete picture of these complex disorders and also form the basis for novel therapies.

All Authors：
Herbert Tilg,Patrice D Cani,Emeran A Mayer

First Authors：
Herbert Tilg

Correspondence：
Emeran A Mayer

内容要点：

1、肝脏是距离肠道最近的器官，能够接触到大量的细菌组分及代谢产物；

2、许多肝病（包括酒精性及非酒精性肝病、原发性硬化性胆管炎）与肠道菌群改变相关；

3、肠道菌群失调可通过与宿主免疫系统及其它细胞的互作，影响肝性脂肪变性、炎症及纤维化的程度；

4、某些严重肝病的并发症（例如肝性脑病）可通过益生菌、益生元及抗生素得到有效治疗。