吸烟和糖尿病两风险因素与牙龈菌群的关系
Title：
A tale of two risks: smoking, diabetes and the subgingival microbiome
Abstract：
Although smoking and diabetes have been established as the only two risk factors for periodontitis, their individual and synergistic impacts on the periodontal microbiome are not well studied. The present investigation analyzed 2.7 million 16S sequences from 175 non-smoking normoglycemic individuals (controls), smokers, diabetics and diabetic smokers with periodontitis as well as periodontally healthy controls, smokers and diabetics to assess subgingival bacterial biodiversity and co-occurrence patterns. The microbial signatures of periodontally healthy smokers, but not diabetics, were highly aligned with the disease-associated microbiomes of their respective cohorts. Diabetics were dominated by species belonging to Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Gemella, Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Filifactor, Veillonella, TM7 and Terrahemophilus. These microbiomes exhibited significant clustering based on HbA1c levels (pre-diabetic (<6.5%), diabetic (6.5-9.9%), diabetics >10%). Smokers with periodontitis evidenced a robust core microbiome (species identified in at least 80% of individuals) dominated by anaerobes, with inter-individual differences attributable largely to the 'rare biosphere'. Diabetics and diabetic smokers, on the other hand, were microbially heterogeneous and enriched for facultative species. In smokers, microbial co-occurrence networks were sparse and predominantly congeneric, while robust inter-generic networks were observed in diabetics and diabetic smokers. Smoking and hyperglycemia impact the subgingival microbiome in distinct ways, and when these perturbations intersect, their synergistic effect is greater than what would be expected from the sum of each effect separately. Thus, this study underscores the importance of early intervention strategies in maintaining health-compatible microbiomes in high-risk individuals, as well as the need to personalize these interventions based on the environmental perturbation.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 23 May 2017; doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.73.
All Authors：
Sukirth M Ganesan,Vinayak Joshi,Megan Fellows,Shareef M Dabdoub,Haikady N Nagaraja,Benjamin O'Donnell,Neeta Rohit Deshpande,Purnima S Kumar
First Authors：
Sukirth M Ganesan
Correspondence：
Purnima S Kumar
内容要点：
牙周健康非糖尿病的吸烟者的牙龈菌群与疾病相关的菌群相似，糖尿病患者的主要菌群共10个菌属，基于HbA1c水平表现出明显集群，患牙周炎的吸烟者主要菌群为厌氧菌，糖尿病患者和糖尿病吸烟者菌群为兼性厌氧菌。 吸烟者菌群同现网络稀疏且菌群同属，糖尿病患者和糖尿病吸烟者菌群不同属。 吸烟和糖尿病通过不同方式影响牙龈菌群，两者同时作用比单独作用之和的影响更大。早期干预对高危人群维持健康菌群有重要作用。