肥胖患者在减肥干预后的肠道菌群及血清代谢组改变

Title：
Gut microbiome and serum metabolome alterations in obesity and after weight-loss intervention

DOI：
10.1038/nm.4358

Abstract：
Emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiome to human obesity. We performed a metagenome-wide association study and serum metabolomics profiling in a cohort of lean and obese, young, Chinese individuals. We identified obesity-associated gut microbial species linked to changes in circulating metabolites. The abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a glutamate-fermenting commensal, was markedly decreased in obese individuals and was inversely correlated with serum glutamate concentration. Consistently, gavage with B. thetaiotaomicron reduced plasma glutamate concentration and alleviated diet-induced body-weight gain and adiposity in mice. Furthermore, weight-loss intervention by bariatric surgery partially reversed obesity-associated microbial and metabolic alterations in obese individuals, including the decreased abundance of B. thetaiotaomicron and the elevated serum glutamate concentration. Our findings identify previously unknown links between intestinal microbiota alterations, circulating amino acids and obesity, suggesting that it may be possible to intervene in obesity by targeting the gut microbiota.

内容要点：

1、在中国年轻人群（包括瘦子与肥胖者）中进行宏基因组关联分析及血清代谢组学分析；

2、 鉴定出肥胖相关且与循环代谢产物改变相关的肠道菌群物种；

3、多形拟杆菌（一种可发酵谷氨酸盐的共生细菌）的丰度在肥胖者中显著降低，且与血清谷氨酸盐浓度负相关；

4、给小鼠喂食多形拟杆菌可降低血清谷氨酸盐浓度，并缓解饮食诱导的体重增加及肥胖；

5、减肥手术可部分逆转肥胖者的肥胖相关菌群及代谢变化：包括增加多形拟杆菌丰度并降低血清谷氨酸盐的浓度。