皮肤利什曼病患者可传播的失调皮肤菌群可促进皮肤炎症

Title：
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Induces a Transmissible Dysbiotic Skin Microbiota that Promotes Skin Inflammation

DOI：
10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.006

Abstract：
Skin microbiota can impact allergic and autoimmune responses, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. We investigated the role of skin microbiota in cutaneous leishmaniasis and found that human patients infected with Leishmania braziliensis develop dysbiotic skin microbiota, characterized by increases in the abundance of Staphylococcus and/or Streptococcus. Mice infected with L. major exhibit similar changes depending upon disease severity. Importantly, this dysbiosis is not limited to the lesion site, but is transmissible to normal skin distant from the infection site and to skin from co-housed naive mice. This observation allowed us to test whether a pre-existing dysbiotic skin microbiota influences disease, and we found that challenging dysbiotic naive mice with L. major or testing for contact hypersensitivity results in exacerbated skin inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate that a dysbiotic skin microbiota is not only a consequence of tissue stress, but also enhances inflammation, which has implications for many inflammatory cutaneous diseases.

All Authors：
Ciara Gimblet, Jacquelyn S Meisel, Michael A Loesche, Stephen D Cole, Joseph Horwinski, Fernanda O Novais, Ana M Misic, Charles W Bradley, Daniel P Beiting, Shelley C Rankin, Lucas P Carvalho, Edgar M Carvalho, Phillip Scott, Elizabeth A Grice

First Authors：
Ciara Gimblet

Correspondence：
Phillip Scott, Elizabeth A Grice

内容要点：

皮肤利什曼病患者的皮肤菌群失调表现为葡萄球菌属及/或链球菌属的丰度增加，感染了利什曼原虫（L. major）的小鼠表现出相似的皮肤菌群失调，失调依赖于疾病的严重性；皮肤菌群的失调不仅局限在病变部位，还可传播至距离较远的正常皮肤处，甚至可传播至同窝的未感染小鼠的皮肤上；在感染前菌群已失调的小鼠在感染L. major后，皮肤炎症反应加剧； 皮肤菌群失调不仅仅是组织压力的结果，更可增强炎症反应。