肠道菌群对血压的影响

Title：
Beyond gut feelings: how the gut microbiota regulates blood pressure

DOI：
10.1038/nrcardio.2017.120

Abstract：
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for heart disease and stroke, and is estimated to cause 9.4 million deaths globally every year. The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex, but lifestyle factors such as diet are important contributors to the disease. High dietary intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced blood pressure and lower cardiovascular mortality. A critical relationship between dietary intake and the composition of the gut microbiota has been described in the literature, and a growing body of evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of blood pressure. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and its metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides, act on downstream cellular targets to prevent or contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. These effects have a direct influence on tissues such as the kidney, the endothelium, and the heart. Finally, we consider the role of the gut microbiota in resistant hypertension, the possible intergenerational effect of the gut microbiota on blood pressure regulation, and the promising therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modification to improve health and prevent disease.

All Authors：
Francine Z Marques, Charles R Mackay, David M Kaye

First Authors：
Francine Z Marques

Correspondence：
Francine Z Marques

内容要点：

高血压的发生机制复杂，或与遗传、环境及肠道菌群都有关，通过多吃蔬菜、水果和膳食纤维或能降血压。利用高血压动物模型，发现菌群代谢膳食纤维产生的乙酸、丙酸等短链脂肪酸，与较低的血压有关。目前 越来越多的文献支持肠道菌群在高血压的发生和保持中行使作用，不过关于利用粪菌移植、抗生素或益生菌来调节菌群能应对高血压的证据还非常有限。未来，关于营养、菌群及其代谢产物的研究值得关注，利用饮食调节来干预高血压的方法前景可期。