免疫系统连接肠道菌群与系统性能量稳态
Title：
The immune system bridges the gut microbiota with systemic energy homeostasis-focus on TLRs, mucosal barrier and SCFAs
Abstract：
The gut microbiota is essential for the development and regulation of the immune system and the metabolism of the host. Germ-free animals have altered immunity with increased susceptibility to immunologic diseases and show metabolic alterations. Here, we focus on two of the major immune-mediated microbiota-influenced components that signal far beyond their local environment. First, the activation or suppression of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) by microbial signals can dictate the tone of the immune response, and they are implicated in regulation of the energy homeostasis. Second, we discuss the intestinal mucosal surface is an immunologic component that protects the host from pathogenic invasion, is tightly regulated with regard to its permeability and can influence the systemic energy balance. The short chain fatty acids are a group of molecules that can both modulate the intestinal barrier and escape the gut to influence systemic health. As modulators of the immune response, the microbiota-derived signals influence functions of distant organs and can change susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
All Authors：
Martina Spiljar, Doron Merkler , Mirko Trajkovski
First Authors：
Martina Spiljar
Correspondence：
Mirko Trajkovski
内容要点：
肠道菌群信号可通过激活或抑制toll样受体（TLR），调控免疫系统的反应，从而调节能量稳态。脆弱拟杆菌的多糖A可激活TLR2，促进抑炎细胞因子IL-10的分泌，菌群失调可激活TLR4通路引起炎症。肠道黏膜表面也是体内的一个免疫组分，可保护宿主免受病原体的入侵，黏膜的防御功能受到其通透性的调节，可影响系统性能量平衡。短链脂肪酸可调节肠道屏障，也可在肠道之外的身体其它部位影响健康状态，例如在组织中影响自身反应性T细胞。