肠道菌群、食物成分和肥胖的相互关系

Title：
Is there a relationship between intestinal microbiota, dietary compounds, and obesity?

DOI：
10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.010

Abstract：
The links between gut microbiota and obesity are complex and multidirectional. A large number of studies have demonstrated the provoking effect of microbiota as the main environmental factor on the metabolic, and physiology status of its human host, as well as energy harvest. Dietary compounds are a source of energy and metabolites for gut bacteria. Dietary compounds also change the composition of gut microbiota and can influence the production of their metabolites. Impact of intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic interaction, including interaction with dietary components are the key issue in human health and obesity.Gut microecology could help fulfill the gap between obesity and energy intake throughout altering the processing of nutrients and energy storage in the body, revealing diet-related and age-related changes in the human intestinal microbiome and their consequences. Therefore, it is of critical importance in the prevention of obesity to understand how different types of food can influence gut mucosal integrity.The association between gut microbiota and host metabolism could help explain promising therapeutic approaches throughout gut microbiota regulation in preventing and treating obesity.

All Authors：
Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska, Paulina Gątarek, Max Stanley Chartrand, Maryam Dadar, Geir Bjørklund

First Authors：
Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska

Correspondence：
Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska

内容要点：

饮食可改变肠道菌群的组成，肠道菌群与饮食成分的互作可影响健康及肥胖。色氨酸的代谢产物与炎症相关，缺乏色氨酸的饮食可引起小鼠的中枢神经系统炎症，褪黑素是色氨酸的代谢产物之一，在抑制肥胖及维持生物钟中起到关键作用。5羟色胺与下丘脑对能量消耗的调节相关，肠道菌群影响5羟色胺的水平。 短链脂肪酸降低肠道pH值，减少有益细菌。多酚可影响肠道菌群组成，抑制致病菌生长，在肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病等慢性病中起保护作用。